The Soviet government conducted a campaign to promote a Moldovan ethnic identity distinct from that of the Romanians, based on a theory developed during the existence of the Moldavian ASSR. The independence of the Principality of Moldavia came when Bogdan I, another Vlach voivode from Maramure who had fallen out with the Hungarian king, crossed the Carpathian mountains in 1359 and took control of Moldavia, wresting the region from Hungary. The Treaty of Paris (1856) returned the southern part of Bessarabia (later organised as the Cahul, Bolgrad and Ismail counties) to Moldavia, which remained an autonomous principality and, in 1859, united with Wallachia to form Romania. They are supposed to serve there as peacekeepers. Austrians are Germanic, not Slavic; Hungarians are not Slavic, neither are Romanians or Greeks. "[130], According to Amnesty International, as of 2004 "Torture and other ill-treatment in police detention remained widespread; the state failed to carry out prompt and impartial investigations and police officers sometimes evaded penalties. [24] During the Neolithic Age, Moldova's territory stood at the centre of the large CucuteniTrypillia culture that stretched east beyond the Dniester River in Ukraine and west up to and beyond the Carpathian Mountains in Romania. [75] In March 2012, Nicolae Timofti was elected as president of Moldova in a parliamentary vote, becoming the first full-time president since Vladimir Voronin, a Communist, resigned in September 2009. Archaeological research has identified the location of 13th-century fortified settlements in this region. Peter Aaron was eventually ousted by his nephew, Stephen the Great who would become the most important medieval Moldavian ruler who managed to uphold Moldavia's autonomy against Hungary, Poland and the Ottoman Empire. [61] In the 1970s and 1980s, the Moldavian SSR received substantial allocations from the budget of the USSR to develop industrial and scientific facilities and housing. Montenegro - $7,686. During the year reports of government exercising undue influence over the media substantially decreased." This makes for a total of 1,682 localities in Moldova, two of which are uninhabited.[137]. . Moldova made its Olympic debut at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. 2 December]1917) within a federal Russian state, and formed a government (21 December[O.S. The earliest surviving deeds referring to lands beyond the Dniester river date from the 16th century. . In the 19th century, Moldavians from the territories of the medieval Principality of Moldavia, divided into Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Western Moldavia (after 1859, Romania), made a significant contribution to the formation of the modern Romanian culture. The dog's name, given to the river, extended to the principality.[22]. . The economy recovered from the drought-related contraction in 2012. It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 2.2/10, ranking it 158th globally out of 172 countries. [142] Forests currently cover only 11% of Moldova, though the state is making efforts to increase their range. 8b/2013 i 41b/2013)", "Population Census 2004: Population by main nationalities, mother tongue and language usually spoken", National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova, "Structure of population by language usually used for communication and age groups on 2014 census", "English the most preferred foreign language among Moldovan students", "DN Carnevale - A Context-Grounded Approach to Religious Freedom: The Case of Orthodoxy in the Moldovan Republic", "2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Moldova", "Bologna Process Template for National Reports: 20052007 (Moldova)", "Romnia ofer tinerilor moldoveni 5.000 de burse n licee i universiti", "Presedintele Klaus Iohannis l-a primit, la Suceava, pe Nicolae Timofti: "Republica Moldova isi poate implini destinul doar in Uniunea Europeana. The official language is Romanian. [74] On 30 December 2010, Marian Lupu was elected as the Speaker of the Parliament and the acting President of the Republic of Moldova. [222] Located geographically at the crossroads of Latin, Slavic and other cultures, Moldova has enriched its own culture adopting and maintaining traditions of neighbouring regions and of other influential sources. Between the first and seventh centuries AD, the south came intermittently under the control of the Roman and then the Byzantine Empires. Although historical, the polarization based on ethnolinguistic criteria of the majority ethnic group reappeared with the national revival movement of the late 1980s, and, so far, there is no consensus regarding the mainstream identity in the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan or Romanian).[177][178]. Moldovan The country's main cities are the capital Chiinu, in the centre of the country, Tiraspol (in the eastern region of Transnistria), Bli (in the north) and Bender (in the south-east). The total land area is 33,851km2 (13,070sqmi). The ethnic groups in Moldova include Moldovan (75.1%), Romania (7%), Ukrainian (6.6%), Gagauz (4.6%), Russian (4.1%), and others (3.22%). In 1994, Moldova became a member of NATO's Partnership for Peace program, and a member of the Council of Europe on 29 June 1995. Romania's break with communism came following a violent uprising in 1989, which culminated in the execution death of the . His reign was one of the most successful in Moldavia's history. [64] After the failure of the 1991 Soviet coup d'tat attempt, Moldova declared its independence on 27 August 1991. "[133] Moldova "has made noteworthy progress on religious freedom since the era of the Soviet Union, but it can still take further steps to foster diversity," said the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief Heiner Bielefeldt, in Chiinu, in September 2011. [123], Moldova signed the Association Agreement with the European Union in Brussels on 27 June 2014. While most of the country is hilly, elevations never exceed 430m (1,411ft) the highest point being the Blneti Hill. Based on the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) regional poverty line of US$5/day (PPP), 55 percent of the population was poor in 2011. Colonization brought in numerous Great Russian peasants, and the Russian bureaucracy imported Russian office-holders and professional men; according to the Romanian estimate of 1920, there were about 75,000 (2.9%) Great Russians in the territory, and the Lipovans and Cossacks numbered 59,000 (2.2%); the Little Russians (Ukrainians) came to 254,000 (9.6%). Today, Moldova is the poorest country in Europe. Traditional Moldovan dishes include plcinte (sweet and savoury pastries with fillings such as local cheese, cabbage, potatoes, apples, sour cherries and others), mmlig, sarmale, and a chicken soup called zeam. Government "banned all gatherings of over 50 people until 1 April 2020 and closed all schools and kindergartens in an attempt to curb the spread of the virus". It is estimated that, as of 2022, 43.2% of the total population live in urban areas, and that the urbanization rate is 0.09%. [27] The Bolohoveni disappeared from written chronicles after they were defeated in 1257 by Daniel of Galicia. Culture of Moldova - history, people, women, beliefs, food, customs The number of mobile telephone users in Moldova increased by 47.3% in the first quarter of 2008 against the last year and exceeded 2.89 million. Crossing the Carpathian mountains in 1359, the voivode took control of Moldavia and succeeded in creating Moldavia as an independent political entity. The influence of Romania's Slavic neighbors on the language continued. The western border of Moldova is formed by the Prut river, which joins the Danube before flowing into the Black Sea. Natalia squeezed into the final by a very small margin. The main means of transportation in Moldova are railways 1,138km (707mi) and a highway system (12,730km or 7,910mi overall, including 10,937km or 6,796mi of paved surfaces). The retirement age will be lifted gradually by a few months every year until it is fully in effect in 2028. Comrat is the administrative centre of Gagauzia. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2013 due to increased agriculture production, to economic policies adopted by the Moldovan government since 2009, and to the receipt of EU trade preferences connecting Moldovan products to the world's largest market. This expansion was made possible by adequate macroeconomic stabilization measures and ambitious structural reforms implemented in the wake of the crisis under a Fund-supported program. [80] Concerns over statewide corruption, the independence of the judiciary system, and the nontransparency of the banking system were expressed. In addition, 7.0% of the population declared themselves Romanians, amid the controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova. Resisting pre-election pressures for selective spending increases and returning to the path of fiscal consolidation would reduce reliance on exceptionally high donor support. [228], On 1 March features mrior gifting, which is a tradition that females are gifted with a type of talisman that is given for good luck.[229]. Which Countries Border Romania? - WorldAtlas [191][192] The Constitution of 1994 stated that the national language of the Republic of Moldova was Moldovan, and its writing is based on the Latin alphabet. Moldova is a country in Eastern Europe, north of the Balkans, surrounded by Romania to the southwest, across the Prut river, and Ukraine to the northeast. [86] The Constitutional Court reversed the decision on 15 June, effectively ending the crisis. [217], Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, the country has seen a decrease in spending on health care and, as a result, the tuberculosis incidence rate in the country has grown. Slovenia - 2,060,000. Annual rainfall, which ranges from around 600mm (24in) in the north to 400mm (16in) in the south, can vary greatly; long dry spells are not unusual. The agreement is part of Moldova's strategy to reform its military and cooperate with its neighbours. The prehistory of Moldova covers the period from the Upper Paleolithic which begins with the presence of Homo sapiens in the area of Southeastern Europe some 44,000 years ago and extends into the appearance of the first written records in Classical Antiquity in Greece. Moldova's agricultural products include vegetables, fruits, grapes, wine, and grains.[172]. But, says Eastern Europe scholar. World War I brought in a rise in political and cultural (ethnic) awareness among the inhabitants of the region, as 300,000 Bessarabians were drafted into the Russian Army formed in 1917; within bigger units several "Moldavian Soldiers' Committees" were formed. Moldova. [58] Similar events occurred in the 1930s in the Moldavian ASSR. The Soviet Army re-captured the region in FebruaryAugust 1944, and re-established the Moldavian SSR. Officially, the name Republic of Moldova is designated by the United Nations. Carla's Dreams reached the top charts in multiple countries in Europe with the release of their song "Sub Pielea Mea" in 2016. The new coalition and Igor Dodon argued that the president may call snap elections after consulting the parliament but is not obliged to do so. After achieving independence from the Soviet Union, Moldova's foreign policy was designed with a view to establishing relations with other European countries, neutrality, and European Union integration. Lacu also accepted conversion to Roman Catholicism around 1370, but his gesture was to remain without consequences. Due to the temporarily suspended militaty conflict with the Pridnestrovian Republic, this country was known as the last hot spot in Europe, until recent conflicts in Ukraine. In 1995 the country was admitted to the Council of Europe. [227], Most retail businesses close on New Year's Day and Independence Day, but remain open on all other holidays. Moldova has been participating in the Eurovision Song Contest since 2005. Moldova - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency Television in Moldova was introduced in April 1958, within the framework of Soviet television. Around 80% of the Moldovan population speak Moldovan as their first language. Cum a evoluat economia Republicii Moldova n ultimii 20 de ani. Moldova joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Partnership for Peace on 16 March 1994. [45] On April 9[O.S. [20], The name Moldova is derived from the Moldova River (German: Moldau); the valley of this river served as a political centre at the time of the foundation of the Principality of Moldavia in 1359. [26] In 1164, the future Byzantine emperor Andronikos I Komnenos, while attempting to reach the Principality of Halych, was taken prisoner by Vlachs, possibly in the area which now constitutes Moldova. Romania National Flag Of Romania. In May 2007, Natalia Barbu represented Moldova in Helsinki at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with her entry "Fight". The government entered into agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to promote growth. [113] In 2012, a security zone incident resulted in the death of a civilian, raising tensions with Russia. [54] Uprisings against Romanian rule took place in 1919 at Khotyn and Bender, but were eventually suppressed by the Romanian Army. **If counted as European countries rather than Asian countries, the transcontinental countries Azerbaijan ($4,214) and Armenia ($4,268) would also appear on the above list. The president appoints a prime minister who functions as the head of government, and who in turn assembles a cabinet, both subject to parliamentary approval. In the east, the Dniester is the main river, flowing through the country from north to south, receiving the waters of Rut, Bc, Ichel, Botna. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian Government has frequently used its connections with the Russian Orthodox Church to block and stymie the integration of former Soviet states like Moldova into the West. In August 2013, work began on a new pipeline between Moldova and Romania that may eventually break Russia's monopoly on Moldova's gas supplies. The early 2000s also saw a considerable growth of emigration of Moldovans looking for work (mostly illegally) in Russia (especially the Moscow region), Italy, Portugal, Spain, and other countries; remittances from Moldovans abroad account for almost 38% of Moldova's GDP, the second-highest percentage in the world, after Tajikistan (45%).[68][69]. "[100] Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita stated on 28 February 2022 that Moldova should rapidly move to become a member of the European Union;[101] the country submitted a formal application for EU membership on 3 March 2022,[102] and was subsequently granted the status of candidate country by the European Council on 23 June 2022[103] along with Ukraine. His people from the voivodeship at Maramure soon followed. The Moldovans, Romania, Russia and the Politics of Culture , 2000. Moldovan Name Generator - Random Moldovan names - The Story Shack [149] Moldova is currently interested in expanding their wisent population, and began talks with Belarus in 2019 regarding a bison exchange program between the two countries. The sole international air gateway of Moldova is the Chiinu International Airport. During the periods 19401941 and 19441953, deportations of locals to the northern Urals, to Siberia, and northern Kazakhstan occurred regularly, with the largest ones on 1213 June 1941, and 56 July 1949, accounting from MSSR alone for 18,392[f] and 35,796 deportees respectively. Moldavia finally returned to Ottoman vassalage in 1621. [34][full citation needed] Moldavian chronicler Grigore Ureche mentions that in 1584 some Moldavian villages from beyond the Dniester in the Kingdom of Poland were attacked and plundered by Cossacks. The East Slavic Hypatian Chronicle (13th century) mentions the Bolohoveni people, who resided on the eastern fringes of Moldovan territory and in the Rus' principalities of Halych, Volhynia and Kyiv; their ethnic origin is disputed by historians. Moldovameaning the former sovjet republic of Moldova, which is a smaller part of the Romanian historical province of Moldova, is a state. Three parties the pro-Russian Socialist Party, the. Languages of Moldova - Wikipedia Conrad Landin takes a look at the country and its tormented past. Popular alcoholic beverages are divin (Moldovan brandy), beer, and wineof which the country is known for making high-quality offerings.[225][226]. They were considered a characteristic animal of Scythia in antiquity. Russia has the highest number of Slavs in the world, totaling 143 million. [136] The final status of Transnistria is disputed, as the central government does not control that territory. The highest temperature ever recorded in Moldova was 41.5C (106.7F) on 21 July 2007 in Camenca. More than 10,000 supporters turn out for home internationals. Why is Romania the only non-Slavic country in Eastern Europe? [64] The motives behind this move were fear of the rise of nationalism in Moldova. Belarus - $6,411. [58] Other forms of Soviet persecution of the population included political arrests or, in 8,360 cases, execution. It has, furthermore, implemented many structural and institutional reforms that are indispensable for the efficient functioning of a market economy. Nicolae Juravschi represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Seoul Games, winning two medals. [citation needed] Infotag is the state news agency. [70][71][72], In August 2009, four Moldovan parties (Liberal Democratic Party, Liberal Party, Democratic Party, and Our Moldova Alliance) agreed to create the Alliance For European Integration that pushed the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova into opposition. Moldova signed a military agreement with Romania to strengthen regional security. Political dissidents from Ilacu Group were released from arbitrary detention in the break-away Transdinester region only after an order of the European Court of Human Rights. Russia has about 1,500 soldiers stationed in breakaway Transnistria. After the 19901992 War of Transnistria, Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to the conflict in the Transnistria region by working with Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and co-operating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions. Trnt (a form of wrestling) is the national sport in Moldova. The NDSMoldova (National Development System) 2020, which was published in November 2012, focuses on several critical areas to boost economic development and reduce poverty. In the early 13th century, the Brodniks, a possible SlavicVlach vassal tribe of Halych, were also present in much of the region's territory. These efforts have helped maintain macroeconomic and financial stability under difficult external circumstances, enabled the resumption of economic growth and contributed to establishing an environment conducive to the economy's further growth and development in the medium term. EUBAM assists the Moldovan and Ukrainian governments in approximating their border and customs procedures to EU standards and offers support in both countries' fight against cross-border crime. [79] In 2015, Shor was still at large, after a period of house arrest. [46] A part of the interim Parliament agreed to drop these conditions after Bukovina and Transylvania also joined the Kingdom of Romania, although historians note that they lacked the quorum to do so.[47][48][49][50][51]. On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was underway, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001-09 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. Article 13 of the Moldovan Constitution names it "the national language of the country" (the . "[131] In 2009, when Moldova experienced its most serious civil unrest in a decade, several civilians, including Valeriu Boboc, were killed and many more injured. In the 21st century, the primary foreign language taught in the schools is English. [78] The large scale of the fraud compared to the size of the Moldovan economy is cited as tilting the country's politics in favour of the pro-Russian Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova. The political crisis that broke out in early 2013 was resolved with the appointment of a government supported by a pro-European center-right/center coalition in May 2013. Zamoyski reinstalled Ieremia Movil to the throne, who put the country under the vassalage of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. As of 1 January 2016, the population of Republic of Moldova was estimated to be 4,067,485 people. The governing body is the Moldovan Football Federation, which belongs to UEFA. The country's only post-Soviet president, . Is Moldova Slavic or Latin? - Quora Official Soviet policy asserted that the language spoken by Moldovans was distinct from the Romanian language (see Moldovenism). The Slavs speak mainly Indo-European Slavic Language. [211], The total fertility rate (TFR) in Moldova was estimated in 2015 at 1.56 children/woman,[213] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1. Romania is a country of roughly 19 million people. [152] Moldova's remarkable recovery from the severe recession of 2009 was largely the result of sound macroeconomic and financial policies and structural reforms. College Slavic Treasures University of Kansas KU Jayhawks Diner Village The main transmission channels through which adverse exogenous shocks could impact the Moldovan economy are remittances (also due to potentially returning migrants), external trade, and capital flows. Rugby union is popular as well. Since 1996, the Republic of Moldova has been a full member of La Francophonie. . After the failure of the Tatarbunary Uprising in 1924, the Moldavian Autonomous Region, created earlier in the Transnistria region, was elevated to an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Ukrainian SSR. Due to its strategic location on a route between Asia and Europe, the territory of modern Moldova experienced many invasions in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, notably by Goths, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Magyars, Pechenegs, Cumans, Mongols and Tatars. An anti-government protests in front of the general prosecutor's headquarters in Moldova's capital, Chiinu. [173], In September 2009, Moldova was the first country in the world to launch high-definition voice services (HD voice) for mobile phones, and the first country in Europe to launch 14.4 Mbit/s mobile broadband on a national scale, with over 40% population coverage. Despite a small contraction in 2012, Moldova's economic performance was among the strongest in the region during 201013. Moldova remains highly vulnerable to fluctuations in remittances from workers abroad (which constitute 24 percent of GDP), exports to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and European Union (EU) (88 per cent of total exports), and donor support (about 10 per cent of government spending). During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Bessarabia briefly became an autonomous state within the Russian Republic. In addition to its participation in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme, Moldova is also a member state of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Francophonie and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. [105], On 31 October 2022, Moldova's Interior Ministry said that debris from a Russian missile landed in the northern village of Naslavcea after a Russian fusillade was intercepted by air defenses in neighboring Ukraine. While most of today's Moldova came into the Ottoman orbit in the 16th century, a substantial part of Transnistria remained a part of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth until the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. [citation needed]. From 1992 to 2001, the country suffered a serious economic crisis, leaving most of the population below the poverty line. [126], Moldova signed the membership application to join the EU on 3 March 2022. That, plus about 10,000Poles, brings the total number of Slavs to 545,000 in a population of 2,631,000, or about one-fifth. Serbia - $7,666. The acting president Mihai Ghimpu instituted the Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova to adopt a new version of the Constitution of Moldova. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form Romania, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878. Moldova Formerly known as Bessarabia, this region was an integral part of the Romanian principality of Moldavia until 1812, when it was ceded to Russia by its suzerain, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Slavs are Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups in Europe. This system was designed to decrease executive authority in favour of the legislature. This union was recognized by most of the principal Allied Powers in the 1920 Treaty of Paris, which however was not ratified by all of its signatories. The country is landlocked, though it is close to the Black Sea; at its closest point it is separated from the Dniester Liman, an estuary of the Black Sea, by only 3km of Ukrainian territory. The Moldovan armed forces consists of the Ground Forces and Air Force. [89] The country reported its first death from the disease on 18 March 2020, when the total number of cases reached 30. [59][60] In 19461947, at least 216,000 deaths and about 350,000 cases of dystrophy were accounted by historians in the Moldavian SSR alone. The matter of whether or not Moldovan is a separate language continues to be contested politically within and beyond the Republic of Moldova. Cristina Petrescu, "Contrasting/Conflicting Identities:Bessarabians, Romanians, Moldovans" in, Andrew Higgins, "In Expanding Russian Influence, Faith Combines With Firepower,", compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, second poorest country in Europe by GDP per official capita, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests, Parliament failed to elect a new president, Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova, Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, International Union for Conservation of Nature, too many charts, tables or uncontextualized data, controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova, Moldovan Intelligence and Security Service, "Vot ISTORIC: Sintagma limba romn" va lua locul limbii moldoveneti" n toate legile Republicii Moldova", "Limba moldoveneasc" dispare din toate legile Rep.Moldova, fiind nlocuit cu sintagma limba romn", "Preedintele CCM: Constituia confer limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare", "Chiinu, (21.01.2021) Judectorii constituionali au decis c limba rus nu va avea statutul de limb de comunicare interetnic pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova", "Preedintele CC Domnica Manole, explic de ce a fost anulat legea cu privire la statutul special pentru limbia rus", "Recensamntul Populaiei si al Locuinelor 2014", "Numrul populaiei cu reedina obinuit pe medii i sexe, n profil teritorial, la nceputul anilor 2014-2022", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", GDP per capita, PPP (current international $), "EU awards Ukraine and Moldova candidate status", "The End of the Soviet Union; Text of Accords by Former Soviet Republics Setting Up a Commonwealth", "GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE EARLIEST PALEOLITHIC SITES (OLDOWAN) IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS AND THE EAST EUROPE", "Phase and chemical composition analysis of pigments used in Cucuteni Neolithic painted ceramics", "Cetatea Soroca a Moldovei (1499 prezent)", Letopiseul ri Moldovei, de cnd s-au desclecat ara, "Bessarabia, Chapter X: The Survival of Roumanian", "ChapterVIII: Russia organizes the province", "Mennonite-Nogai Economic Relations, 18251860", "Sfatul rii proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic", "The 1947 Soviet Famine and the Entitlement Approach to Famines", "Foametea din anii 19461947 din RSS Moldoveneasc: cauze i consecine", "Political Repressions in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files Igor Casu", "Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova", "Legea cu privire la functionarea limbilor vorbite pe teritoriul RSS Moldovenesti Nr.3465-XI din 01.09.89 Vestile nr.9/217, 1989", Russia's Hostile Measures: Combating Russian gray zone aggression against NATO in the contact, blunt, and surge layers of competition, "Remittance flows to developing countries are estimated to exceed US$300 billion in 2008", "Information Campaign to Increase the Efficiency of Remittance Flows", "The protest initiative group: LDPM is the guilty one for the devastations in the Chiinu downtown", "EU flags flying on the Presidency and Parliament, to calm the masses", "Moldovan referendum appears to flop on low turnout", "Moldova going to third election in two years", "Nicolae Timofti finally elected Moldova President", "New Moldavan pro-European coalition formed", "Audit links local tycoon to $1bn Moldovan bank fraud", "Moldova, Hunting Missing Millions, Finding Only Ash", "Moldovan prime minister Pavel Filip says 'last chance' to end national crisis", "UE se autosesizeaz: Moldova se ndreapt spre dictatur!