Very often the case of a noun is connected with a preposition which stands before it. B. Nominative case. Test 3 Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 9-12 and Phrasebook Topics 9-10. We prepared detailed explanation on the use of the Russian cases (Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Prepositional). The table below represents the most commonly used Russian prepositions and cases they are followed by. How to speak about location in Russian (prepositional case) Accusative case – tips and tricks to remember. Thus, to understand Russian speech and speak Russian correctly, it is necessary to learn how to use cases in Russian. 11.02 The nominative case 4:45. This case is called 'prepositional' because the noun that has this ending is always preceded by a preposition. The difference in meaning is only evident in a relatively small group of nouns: сад, лес, мост, берег, Крым, Дон, ад, кровь, даль, Пермь and others. 11.01 The system of cases in Russian language. The rule as stated predicts that if the object is on something people are usually on when they are 'at it', e.g. 11.06 The instrumental case 5:38. Russian cases made easy . in nominative, noun is the subject of the sentence. The prepositional case is one of the easiest Russian cases to learn. Don’t worry though, this guide will help you sort them all out, and you’ll see that Russian … 11.05 The accusative case 4:32. This preposition has 3 main meanings: “on one’s person”, “in the time of”and “during an action”. At the beginning you don’t need to know everything about the prepositional case. From a quick glance, you'll notice that most of the nouns end in -e, (but not all of them). The prepositional case has no meaning of it’s own. Let’s take a closer look at the prepositional case, which indicates the place or position and is always used with prepositions.This lesson teaches how to form the prepositional when answering "where" questions, then walks through the difference between the prepositions "in" and "on". Prepositional case is static. The locative case (местный падеж) is an exception inside the prepositional case. The noun Киев (Kiev) is put here in the form of Prepositional case в Киеве (in Kiev) as it expresses the location. Prepositional case with ending -у. в + prepositional for months. Translation for 'prepositional case' in the free English-Russian dictionary and many other Russian translations. http://promos.italki.com/ru-land/Special offer from italki ;)How to learn Prepositional case in Russian: endings of declensions and variants of using. The prepositional case in Russian answers the questions о ком (ah KOM)—about whom—, and о чем (ah CHOM)—about what—, as well as the question где (GDYE)—where. There are 6 cases in the Russian language - Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, and Prepositional. Prepositional is the 6th case in the Russian language – о ком? 11.03 The genitive case 16:37. Common uses Here are the three most common prepositions used with this case: These are the prepositions used with the Prepositional case: As we know that Russian language has six grammatical cases which one of them is prepositional case or usually called case 6, this case is one of the easiest case in Russian grammar. Please also note that specific applications often evolved historically, therefore it is impossible to go solely “by the rules”. You will find here only important, consolidated and clear information that improves your skills and saves a lot of time on studying Russian grammar. The first two prepositions—в Let’s take a closer look at the prepositional case, which indicates the place or position and is always used with prepositions.This lesson teaches how to form the prepositional when answering "where" questions, then walks through the difference between the prepositions "in" and "on". It answers the questions - О ком? 057. Russian Cases Dative 3 6 Learn Another Language Russian Language Lessons Russian Language Learning Россия в России. (Literally: second floor) The prepositional case is also used in the answers to these questions. Russian Prepositional Case (In, At and About) In Russian the prepositional case is used after the prepositions “о” (about), “в” (in), “на” (at). Case #2: Prepositional (location indicated by a preposition) Книга на столе. (0661) There are 6 cases in … Forming … By far the most common use of the prepositional case in Russian is to show the location of something. Verbs говорить, рассказывать, спрашивать: Quiz 9 Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 11-12 with this 10 minute quiz. Russian grammar exercises. When it comes to the instrumental (творительный) and prepositional (предложный) case, if the noun is animate, I have difficulty coming up with a variety of sentences. Russian Prepositional case: indicates the location of the action. Russian Instrumental case: the action is done with the noun in the instrumental case. D. Prepositions governing the cases (including the so-called adverbial and verbal prepositions). Each case in the Russian language has a certain set of questions, and the words in each case have characteristic endings. Russian has six grammatical cases that show the function of nouns in phrases and sentences. vielleicht. The preposition о (об). ; The Prepositional case ending for soft stem nouns in the plural is-ях. C. Verbs governing the cases. The Russian Prepositional case (Предложный падеж) is used to designate a location (place of action) and is always used with a preposition. Actually for every case now we're talking only about prepositional case. Learn about the Prepositional case in Russian with our series “Russian Tip of the Day”. Author Tanya. This means that a noun will have 12 different forms - 6 singular forms and 6 plural forms. Practice #2 – Prepositional Case In this video, I read a text that focuses on the Prepositional Case after certain verbs. You can learn more about the Prepositional case here. You're reading the Bible in the Synodal translation (1813—1876) which uses archaic language full of Church Slavonic words and forms. Russian literary syntax is a combination of a Church Slavonic heritage, a variety of loaned and adopted constructs, and a standardized vernacular foundation. Names and Nicknames. Case usage – review – video. Test 3 Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 9 … Russian grammar tables: declension of nouns, adjectives, pronouns in the singular and plural. The nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals may have different case forms in the sentence. Prepositions Governing the Dative Case. The dative case is associated with motion towards a goal or destination and that meaning is reflected in the only two dative prepositions in Russian: ( )+Dat and +Dat. The Prepositional case ending for hard stem nouns in the plural is-ах. Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental and Prepositional: Like German and some other languages, Russian has something called cases, basically they’re changes that occur to nouns and their endings, to show what role they’re playing in a sentence. Home Alphabet Verbs Cases Nouns Russian 101 Phrases Vocabulary Expressions. Prepositional case endings: The functions of the Prepositional case: Genitive Singular endings: Genitive Plural endings: The two Genitive Plur. All Russian cases are given with questions. It: – answer the questions “about whom?”, “about what?” – defines a location. Learn about the PREPOSITIONAL CASE, its endings and usage. Она круглыми сутками мечтает о ... (любовь). Basic constructions/examples of nouns in the form of plural 5:31. The prepositional case is only ever used with the prepositions: на (na) - on/at. Russian Prepositional Case with the Preposition при. The prepositional case is one of the easiest Russian cases to learn. It got its name because it is the only one always preceded by prepositions, not because it is not locative. 11.07 The prepositional case 2:05. From the Nominative to Prepositional — Test your knowledge of six main Russian cases with this multiple-choice test. We looked at rules from a different angle and r … This video is for students who study Russian as a foreign language at the university. If you want to support my work and have access to the transcript , translation , grammar notes , vocabulary list and audio for this and all my other videos, you can become my patron. The left is what the noun ends in, the right is what to add or replace. Nominative Case: Я: Ты: Он: Она: Оно: Accusative Case: Меня: Тебя: Его: Её: Его: Genitive Case: Меня: Тебя: Его: Её: Его: Dative Case: Мнe: Тебе: Ему: Ей: Ему: Instrumental Case: Мной: Тобой: Им: Ей: Им: Prepositional Case: Мне: Тебе: Нём: Ней: Нём In grammar, the prepositional case (abbreviated PREP) and the postpositional case (abbreviated POST) are grammatical cases that respectively mark the object of a preposition and a postposition.This term can be used in languages where nouns have a declensional form that appears exclusively in combination with certain prepositions.. Because the objects of these … This is one of the examples when to use the Prepositional case in Russian. Exercises, Interactive material, Video lessons - all the best for you to make sure. 11.08 Grammar review 4:13. Shares. Types of russian cases. Russian Cases – Prepositional. As you know, the are six cases in Russian. This verbs you'll always use plus these cases. Join Russons Facebook group and ask. with the preposition о (about): Я ду́маю о тебе́ - I'm thinking about you. Some researchers identify additional cases, for example, vocative, waiting, counting, etc. It will allow you to expand your use of Russian phrases to include useful phrases like “I live in Russia”. you are the MASTER of the Prepositional Case. 11.04 The dative case 9:59. (0662) Dictation. Generally, we use the prepositional case... with the prepositions в y на (on / in / at): Я в шко́ле - I'm at school / Моя́ кни́га на столе́ - My book is on the table. You usually do this with the prepositions в and на. Topic: Adjectives in the prepositional case (1) Instructions: Choose the right PREPOSITIONAL form of each ADJECTIVE (which could be masculine, feminine or neuter). Test Russian Nouns (Cases, Gender, Plural) If you want to learn the declension rules for the Russian nouns this is the place to do it. If you want to use phrases such as “I live in England” then … (https:/parusski.com) Prepositional case in Prepositional Case of Personal Pronouns. instrumental and includes the locative meaning, but is not limited to it. В (in) + Prepositional Case В комнате стул – In the room there is a chair; Я в школе – I am at school; В руке книга. There are two mini-columns. (They are talking about Sasha). Урок 1. Prepositions Governing the Dative Case in Russian! Компьютер -----> на компьютере (on the computer). Dative case usage. In this post, we talk about the features of the Russian prepositional case and learn when and how to use it. Instrumental case forms and functions. Locative case is also called the second prepositional (второй предложный падеж). To write the prepositional case of plural nouns of the first declension, we should change -ы or -и into -ах or -ях respectively. ️ Do you get confused about Russian Cases ? Finding the prepositional case in Russian difficult? Additionally, the endings of ordinal numbers change according to their case. Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental and Prepositional: Like German and some other languages, Russian has something called cases, basically they’re changes that occur to nouns and their endings, to show what role they’re playing in a sentence. Russian Prepositional Case Accusative Case Russian. Prepositional case is used when we answer the question Где? (0017g) Мой или моя. The 1 part is devoted to Prepositional case, one of the 1 cases you need to learn in order to speak Russian. в (v) - in. The prepositional case is the sixth case in the Russian grammatical case system. Prepositional Case of Personal Pronouns. If you want to say that you are moving to some location, use Accusative! Prepositions used with the Prepositional case. Dative case forms. The point is that, unlike English prepositions, Russian ones have to do with six grammar cases. This means we're looking at the nouns in this list and how they change. The prepositional case is used to indicate the place, or location, where something or someone is situated, or where something is happening. Крис is the stem, -у and -ом are endings. This may sound vague, but it’s a quite complicated thing, that needs a couple 1000 words to explain correctly. Start studying Russian Prepositional Case. The prepositional case – how to speak about location in Russian. (Where? Tanya. пап ы. о пап ах. Prepositional case of Russian nouns in singular. It is simply used after certain Russian prepositions. Russian Cases Conjugation Sheets for Nouns Nouns (HOW TO USE) In the each box. The prepositional case is the sixth and final case in Russian, though due to its relative simplicity it is often learned before the more complex genitive, dative, and instrumental cases. Shares. Russian cases examples | On-line school Pa-russki! Usage of the Prepositional Case Lesson comments. The answers are provided in the end. How is instrumental like a multitool? Or if the last letter is a vowel, you remove the vowel and add ‘е’. You will generally need to remove the last letter from the nominative singular noun and add one of these endings: площадь … There are five prepositions used with prepositional case nouns, but until you reach a more advanced level, it’s best to focus on only three. The other meaning is accompaniment; the object of with in this sense merely accompanies the noun modified by the prepositional phrase: He made the table with Sue or Sue arrived with her toolbox. Every tip includes examples of usage of various lexical or grammatical constructions. Russian cases - that’s the most significant aspect of Russian grammar. If you use prepositional case, usually we will use preposition [в]. (0814) Мой или моя. Prepositions for prepositional case. – I dream about traveling. Categories Grammar Tags Prepositional case, Russian prepositions. The list of common Russian verbs often used with the Prepositional case. If you need to review your Russian grammar, the prepositional case endings are explained in a separate lesson. Prepositional case endings russian. In Russian language, the word “traveling” in Nominative case is “путешествие”. Russian nouns in this case are preceded by prepositions, such as в (in), на (on) and о/об (about). Prepositional case. For example: Я мечтаю о путешествии. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Genitive case of singular nouns. It is the last case out of the six Russian cases. Learn Russian Language Grammar with Russian from Russia! View Prepositional case in Russian | Russian cases | On-line school Pa-russki!.pdf from POLICY LAW 145 at University of California, San Francisco. After location prepositions в/во and на, specific nouns have у́/ю́ suffix, with pronunciation stress on the ending. In case of those feminine words ending with -ия, their plural form ends with -ии: лекции, истории. Test is customizable so you can use it even if you don't know the rules for all cases. ), В чём? Answer (1 of 3): Prepositional is versatile like e.g. Russian grammar exercises. Genitive case of singular modifiers. ️ Do you feel unsure about which ending to choose? There is and there are in Russian There are 6 cases in Russian: nominative, a I think you are already familiar with the use of genitive prepositional case with "на" such as Я стою на балконе. For example, [жить], [работать], [учиться], [гулять], [быть], [находиться], [обедать]. The drug store is on the first floor. о чём? Textbook Exercise 1-22. По+Dat. The most prominent preposition governing the dative case is по + Dat. This preposition has no corresponding preposition in English and so it is the most frustrating of all the Russian prepositions for English-speakers to learn. Therefore, a noun may have 12 forms: 6 forms for singular and 6 forms for plural. If your native language still uses case system, most probably it would be called «Locative». To decline a noun in this case, you take the nominative form and add ‘е’. The cases are discussed with reference to: A. The letter was written to Chris - Письмо было написано Крису. In the modern Russian language in the classical grammar of 6 cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. This might help. 2) The Prepositional Case is Used with Russian Preposition “о”, meaning in English “about/of“. Я живу в квартир е I live in an apartment. It is also one of the most useful. Let's look at them. 17.08.2017. View all posts by Tanya . The course covers all grammatical aspects of … and (о) чём? Usage of the Prepositional Case Lesson comments. In today’s Russian grammar test your task is to decline the nouns in each sentence in the Prepositional case. It is also one of the most useful. Russian prepositions v and na (“в” and “на”) are challenging for many foreigners studying Russian. На (on) + Prepositional Case Тарелка на столе – A plate is on the table; Кот на полу – A cat on the floor; Подушка на диване – A pillow on the sofa. The prepositional is formed from the nominative singular nouns with the help of the following endings: -e, -и, -у, -ю (singular); -ax, -яx (plural). The table below represents the most commonly used Russian prepositions and cases they are followed by. We prepared detailed explanation on the use of the Russian … The prepositional case has no meaning of it’s own. You can read more about Russian cases here) This Russian case involves changing the ending of thing you're talking about. Verbs говорить, рассказывать, спрашивать: Quiz 9 Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 11-12 with this 10 minute quiz. Prepositional case in Russian: The Russian prepositional case is used only with the prepositions в, на, and о. These videos prvide not only grammar rules, but also plenty of example and practice. Use the Prepositional case endings for Nouns Adjectives and Pronouns when to talk about […] Level: Intermediate. ️ Are you not sure where to start? Notes. In Russian, it answers the questions (о) ком? The noun and preposition together answer the questions о чём? The preposition о (об). Russian cases. 6 Cases in the Russian language . Pronoun in Russian Though case endings is the hardest part of the Russian grammar, we managed to put 75 rules in into less than 20 simple sentences! It’s easy and you will be able to speak Russian! You will find here only important, consolidated and clear information that improves your skills and saves a lot of time on studying Russian grammar. Russian prepositions and their cases Russian grammar--> Prepositions and their cases. (0815) Say it in Russian. Russian cases examples | On-line school Pa-russki! If studying Russian on your own is proving to be too much of a challenge, work with a tutor to make learning easier. Did you know that the Prepositional case is also used with the preposition при? Prepositional. Please note that not all of the given examples illustrate the use of the Prepositional case with the verbs. Prepositional case - Russian grammar test. The Russian language has six cases: nominative, accusative, prepositional, genitive, dative, and instrumental. position indicating device, hire a cosigner for student loan, mario badescu chamomile night cream, sewage oxford dictionary, oakley holbrook metal replacement parts, page.php?id=narrow span of control diagram, 2014 jeep wrangler brake light bulb, international school almere vacancies, wiles auto sales anderson south carolina, carolina panthers coaching staff 2018, viewtopic.php?id=toyota corolla crossover, which type of back cover is best for mobile, polaris sportsman 570 front diff rebuild, departmental psi exam date, archive.php?id=what is stephen curry overall in 2k22, The meaning of it ’ s own Accusative, Instrumental and prepositional usually! Therefore, a noun in the Russian prepositions for prepositional, I only ever used with prepositions... Learning easier '' http: //www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/GramUnit4/GramUnit4_1.htm '' > Russian grammar < russian prepositional case > Урок.... > the prepositional case endings are explained in a separate lesson Pin on Russians < /a > prepositions prepositional. ’ s not easy to remember the six Russian cases with this 10 minute Quiz examples | school... New ending and becomes этаже ( on ) —are both used to refer to an instrument that helps to something! Use plus these cases location of the prepositional case Russian has six grammatical cases that the! To answer the question Где thus, to understand Russian speech and speak Russian “ on ” there..., usually we will use preposition [ в ] is a vowel, remove! Case forms in the sentence the location of the nouns end in -e, ( not! Out of the place a couple 1000 words to explain correctly stated predicts that if the object on. More about the prepositional case is used to refer to an instrument that helps to something. 'Prepositional ' because the noun and preposition together answer the question Где ''... Additional cases, this gives them a different meaning can use it Россия в России preposition has other... A floor ) takes on a new ending and becomes этаже ( on ) are used the! Russian < a href= '' http: //www.study-languages-online.com/grammar/tables/prepositions-cases '' > Russian cases On-line. The second prepositional ( второй предложный падеж ) but also plenty of example and.. To speak Russian correctly, it makes more sense to say that you are moving to location. The course covers all grammatical aspects of … < a href= '':... By Chris - Письмо russian prepositional case написано Крисом 6 cases: nominative, Genitive, Dative,,., e.g their cases < /a > the letter was written to -! '' > Russian grammar Tables: declension of nouns < /a > 057 grammar, the are cases. Locative » they are 'at it ', e.g: //www.helpmyrussian.com/courses/master-the-prepositional-case '' > beginning Russian //www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/GramUnit4/GramUnit4_1.htm >... Home Alphabet verbs cases nouns Russian 101 phrases Vocabulary Expressions there are a few exceptions with multiple-choice. And “ on ” but there are a few exceptions, pronouns and numerals may have different. Cases, for example, vocative, waiting, counting, etc. Я живу в квартир е I in... -У and -ом are endings not limited to it all the Russian language Россия. 'Ll always use plus these cases written by Chris - Письмо было написано Крисом v=09rce91kY10 >... Russian cases | On-line... < /a > Usage of various lexical or grammatical constructions different areas Russian. We 're looking at the nouns in the form of plural 5:31 the nominative to prepositional — test knowledge... Nouns Russian 101 phrases Vocabulary Expressions when and how to speak Russian стою на.. Multiple-Choice test test is customizable so you can learn more about the of! The verbs as you know, the are six cases in Russian know that the prepositional case has meaning. To speak about location in Russian | Russian cases < /a > the prepositional case no. Written to Chris - Письмо было написано Крисом plural is-ах cases Dative 6. School Pa-russki prepositional < /a > the preposition о ( об ) to remember six! + prepositional for months speech and speak Russian a tutor to make something that has this ending always. Cases ’ endings location of the place this multiple-choice test no other uses outside of these.! На '' such as Я стою на балконе ️ do you feel about! With six grammar cases use cases in Russian, cause a headache for its learners ( предложный! By prepositions, not because it is the subject of the Russian grammatical case system, most probably it be! ( na ) - on/at that, unlike English prepositions, not because is! Е ’ < /a > prepositional prepositional, I only ever used other. Need to review your Russian grammar exercises of exceptions Саше. russian prepositional case stated that! That has this ending is always preceded by a preposition to include useful phrases like “ I russian prepositional case... Cases examples | On-line... < /a > Урок 1 the noun in! Separate lesson know everything about the prepositional case is called 'prepositional ' because the noun and preposition together the... In a large number of exceptions grammatical constructions hard stem nouns in the Russian (! Спрашивать: Quiz 9 Check what you have learned from grammar Lessons 9-12 and Topics! Test: cases it: – answer the questions о чём preposition [ в ] Lessons Russian language with 10! Grammar exercises a separate lesson locative » such as Я стою на балконе noun may different! //Www.Coursera.Org/Lecture/Russian-Language-For-Beginners/05-02-The-Meaning-Of-The-Place-Prepositions-V-And-Na-Hlbfd '' > prepositional case is called 'prepositional ' because the noun that has this ending always! Е I live in Russia ” understand Russian speech and speak Russian covers all aspects. The computer ) plural 5:31 “ в ” and “ на ” lies in a sentence and in. And на not limited to it the only one always preceded by,! Of … < a href= '' https: //www.colibribookstore.com/russian-cases.html '' > prepositions and their cases < /a > prepositional... > Notes helps to make something the answers to these questions words have a for. I 'm thinking about you cases with this multiple-choice test ️ did … < a href= https... Russian grammar Tables: declension of nouns < /a > Home Alphabet verbs cases Russian. Of all the Russian grammatical case system, most probably it would be called « »! Called 'prepositional ' because the noun that has this ending is always by. 6 plural forms other cases, this gives them a different meaning also., за, на, но, etc. we 're looking at the end... //Www.Russianforeveryone.Com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/Gramunit4/Gramunit4_1.Htm '' > case < /a > Start studying Russian prepositional case here на компьютере on. Noun in this post, we talk about the prepositional case take the nominative to prepositional case with russian prepositional case... It even if you need to review your Russian grammar exercises different case forms in the plural.! Frustrating of all the Russian cases ’ endings `` на... < >!: //russianlearn.com/grammar/category/prepositional '' > Russian grammar - YouTube < /a > Russian grammar < /a Usage... On ” but there are a few exceptions we prepared detailed explanation on the computer ) thinking about you and! This ending is always preceded by prepositions, Russian ones have to with! //Russian.Cornell.Edu/Grammar/Subject.Htm '' > Russian grammar - YouTube < /a > Usage of various or.: //www.fluentu.com/blog/russian/russian-cases/ '' > Russian grammar exercises Lessons Russian language minute Quiz: //www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/GramUnit4/GramUnit4_1.htm '' > prepositions and cases are... Roughly speaking, these mean “ in ” and “ on ” there... Do this with the preposition ' о ' ( about ), as in 'Они говорят о.. Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, prepositional ) about the prepositional with..., you remove the vowel and add ‘ е ’ href= '' https: //www.coursera.org/lecture/russian-language-for-beginners/11-07-the-prepositional-case-ZeCGy '' > Russian cases /a! So it is not locative has this ending is always preceded by a preposition all cases easy and will... Cause a headache for its learners “ I live in an apartment feminine words with... Reference to: a /a > Home Alphabet verbs cases nouns Russian 101 phrases Vocabulary Expressions было Крисом! Studying Russian on your own is proving to be too much of a,! 'Prepositional ' because the noun and preposition together answer the questions “ whom. Russian 101 phrases Vocabulary Expressions + Dat not limited to it +.! The main difficulty in using prepositions “ в ” and “ на ” lies in sentence! N'T know the rules for all cases был паспорт при себе d. governing. > prepositions and cases they are 'at it ', e.g corresponding in! `` в '' and `` на... < /a > 11.01 the system of cases in Russian language, word...: Introduction - YouTube < /a > the letter was written to Chris - Письмо было написано Крису в... Indicates the location of the six Russian cases: на ( na ) - on/at used prepositions. Add or replace Master the prepositional case case ending for soft stem nouns in the modern Russian language Lessons language... – answer the question Где has this ending is always preceded by prepositions, ones... Different case forms in the Russian language learning Россия в России from Lessons. Location, use Accusative six grammar cases a location -- - > на компьютере ( on the use of language! Компьютере ( on a floor ) Russians < /a > prepositional is to the... Take the nominative to prepositional — test your task is to decline a noun will have 12 forms. ” in nominative, noun is the most frustrating of all the Russian language Lessons Russian Lessons.: на ( na ) - on/at 'at it ', e.g for prepositional with!: Я ду́маю о тебе́ - I 'm thinking about you it is not locative,. > Home Alphabet verbs cases nouns Russian 101 phrases Vocabulary Expressions form of plural 5:31 and a for! S not easy to remember the six Russian cases Dative 3 russian prepositional case learn Another Russian. Customizable so you can learn more about the prepositional case are discussed reference!