Keppler portrays the conflict between the British and Sudanese as a struggle of the representatives of civilization against the forces of barbarism. Although the imagery used to depict the barbarians is not specifically evocative of the Middle East, it is a reflection of the predominant Western attitude toward the enterprise of colonialism and imperialism at the dawn of the twentieth century. 1898) illuminate demeaning caricatures of China. A scrawny female figure in the background appears to be a skull-faced depiction of Britannia, grown thin and solitary through endless pursuit of war. - Vignette-style graphics placed an array of smaller scenes around the central image. 13, No. As Britain stepped up financial industries, shipping, and insurance to make up the deficit, global sea power took on additional significance. Translated from Russian. Hawaii and Porto Rico are model female students. Uncle Sam and his English cousin have the world between them. Here, the United States has ingested Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines. In Vebers rendering of Les Progrs de la Science (The Advancement of Science), Boer prisoners of war are being shocked by an electric fence to the amusement of British troops on the other side. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Harpers Weekly later echoed the classroom scene with a cover captioned Uncle Sams New Class in the Art of Self-Government. The class is disrupted by revolutionaries from the new U.S. territories of the Philippines and Cuba, whose vicious fight brands them as barbarously unfit for self-rule. The penetration of missionaries into the interior of China, for example, destabilized rural economies and incited anti-foreign sentiments. (1902) From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. This early outburst of what we refer to today as clash-of-civilizations thinking did not go unchallenged, however. | Print shows Chauncey M. Depew and Robert G. Ingersoll, each in the arms of the other, pointing to quotations attributed to them that justify American imperialist activities 1 print : chromolithograph. Source:William H. Walker Cartoon Collection, Princeton University Library. The violence applied to these aims both in bodily harm and cultural ruin was only part of the hypocrisy. When this cartoon was published, the foreign Legation Quarter in Beijing was besieged by Boxers and Qing troops. The burgeoning mass media helped promote jingoistic foreign policies by printing disparaging depictions of barbarous-looking natives from countries benevolently assimilated by the U.S. A brash Uncle Sam was shown coming under the wing of the older, more experienced empire builder, John Bull. Mish Mish Effendi cartoon 1930s. Maine. What can an observer infer about the role of native Africans in French colonial conquests from "Conquest and Competition" (Visual Source 18.2)?, 3. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing The March of the Strenuous Civilization. C. S. Taylor,Life, April 11, 1901. Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut," states that progress must be pursued despite suffering on both sides. An exceptionally vivid cartoon version of Kiplings message titled The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling) was published in Judge on April 1, 1899. Gambone, Robert L.Life on the Press The Popular Art and Illustrations of GeorgeBenjamin Luks(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2009). In his hand, he holds a telegraph wire, which he wanted to build along with the . In the centerfold of the August 16, 1899 issue of Puck, the not-so-cynical Keppler extended his feminization of global power politics to other great nations including a new arrival on the scene: Japan. Good Will to Nobody.Life, January 4, 1900, Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, UnlikePuckandJudge, Life was often highly critical of U.S. overseas expansion. Un treillage de fer travers par un courant lectrique est la plus saine et la plus sre des cltures. Gillams sub-caption is All this for politicsis civilization advancing?. site.). How such uncivilized behavior fit the rhetoric of the civilizing mission is the subject of the Life cartoon, A Red-Letter Day. Against a backdrop of distant flames, a Filipino mansympathetically drawn as tall, handsome, and heroic in contrast to the usual caricature of a tiny, expressionless savage in a grass skirtis questioned by a clergyman. As the military governor until May 1900, Otis inflated Filipino atrocities and prevented journalists, Red Cross officials, and soldiers from reporting American atrocities, though ghastly accounts slipped through. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. Written over the battle clouds on the right, the Spanish-American War would have inspired the depiction of Columbia as an emerging military power. Explain the message within this particular cartoon using the details the cartoonist has included in it. The link between U.S. conquest of the Philippines and the lure of the China market was widely acknowledged at the time, and no one rendered this more vividly, concisely, and admiringly than the cartoonist Emil Flohri. Although the completion of a railroad spanning the length of Africa was looking less likely, segments of the Cape-to-Cairo Railroad were becoming increasingly important to Rhodesia's economic development. The Cape to Cairo trip is a thrilling, unpredictable journey of over 6,200 miles and it is not for the faint of heart. In The Pigtail Has Got to Go, a white-robed goddess wears a star that radiates over a Chinese mandarin. Includes bibliographical references and index. On the contrary, they reflected intense debates about civilization, progress, and the white mans burden that took place on both sides of the Atlantic. What were the effects on China, as portrayed in the cartoon? Almost exactly eight years subsequent to this cartoon's publication, former president Theodore Roosevelt emerged from a long safari in Africa and, invited to speak in Cairo, Egypt, lectured the British about proper colonial administration -- "or leave Egypt. A Rival Who Has Come to Stay: Naval Power. At the core of the White Mans Burden is a reluctant civilizer who takes up arms for the purpose of relieving grievous wrongs, in the words of President William McKinley. Life published many graphics that showed the humanitarian costs inflicted by war and political aggressiondespoliation, looting, concentration camps, torture, and genocideoften awkwardly interspersed amongst humorous sketches and domestic scenes. Photograph. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 December 10. Transatlantic dimensions of the American Anti-Imperialist Movement, 1899-1909.Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 4, pp. In mid 1899, Life published this chilling view of the war in the Philippines that was to drag on for several more years. Download Image of From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler.. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. But by the 1890s, emerging industrial powerhouses like the U.S. and Germany reduced Britains industrial dominance. Twain went along, partly out of concern for his family, and The War Prayer was not published until 1916, six years after his death. Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut, states that progress must be pursued despite suffering on both sides. Although Wilhelm II was famous for introducing the concept of a yellow peril, Germanys major colonial possessions were in Africa. In Library of Congress notes on this image, the seated figure on the left is identified as Minervathe Roman goddess of wisdom, arts, and commerce. As Twain saw it, the U.S. war against the nascent Philippine Republic amounted to little more than mimicry of Britains bloody war of conquest in South Africa. Please use: Dr. Beasleys Calendar to book appointment times. Sitemap In the United States, the Boer War, conquest of the Philippines, and Boxer Uprising prompted large, detailed, sophisticated, full-color cartoons in Puck and Judge. Edit. Long-standing personifications and visual symbols for countries were used by cartoonists to dramatize events to suit their message. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2010652189/. Who, they asked, was the real barbarian? Although usually associated with the pro-expansionist proponents of civilization and progress, Puck on occasion turned a discerning eye on the double standards of Americas so-called noble mission in the Philippines and China. In an 1898 two-page spread in Puck, female symbols of the two nations, Columbia and Britannia, meet as mother and daughter to celebrate their reunion After Many Years. Wearing archaic breastplates and helmets, with trident and sword, these outsized, archetypal crusaders helm modern warships. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. Wilhelm points ahead, where the inhabitants flee. In the September 28, 1901 issue, artist Jean Veber excoriated the shameful subject of the concentration camps British forces used to weaken Boer resistance in the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902. Brown, Arthur Judson. Newly conquered populations, described in the opening stanza as your new-caught, sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child would need sustained commitments to serve your captives needs.. No known restrictions on publication. First created by the Frenkel brothers in 1935, who, despite their limited . The Manila Correspondent and the McKinley Censorship. George Benjamin Luts,The Verdict, August 21, 1899. 14-27 (May-June 1999). Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. The language obviously resonated with the Kipling-esque imagery of white men bringing enlightenment to new-caught sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child. People of darkness was, moreover, a perception that missionaries (whom Twain excoriated) routinely applied to the heathen natives of non-Christian lands. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. The aggressors brought progress in the form of modern technology, communications, and Western dress and culture. Smith, Arthur Henderson. Verified questions. Bickers, Robert A. and R. G. Tiedemann. Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribo. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938). Original publication of Rudyard Kiplings poem, The White Mans Burden.. 'From the Cape to Cairo: Though the process be costly, the road of progress must be cut', cartoon depicting British colonialism as a civilising force - 1902 . The synergy of piousness and power is the subject of a Keppler cartoon, The Advance Agent of Modern Civilization, in the January 12, 1898, issue of Puck. 77-99 (2011). Numbers 14-15 and 18-20 wanting. 1 print : chromolithograph. What did the public back home know about the fighting of these far-off wars? The rays of the sun shine over Uncle Sam and John Bull, who clasp hands in a renewed Anglo-American alliance of Kindred Interests rooted in the English Tongue. Warships on the horizon ground their mission in naval power. Illus. W. H. P. Signs of Promise.The Advocate of Peace, pp. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in , 1902. China peeps over the wall. Though black Africans did not fight in the war, over 100,000 were rounded up and confined in camps separate from the white internees. A year later, Judge magazine published a two-page cartoon by Victor Gillam that sets the contemporary civilization versus barbarism debate against a grand panorama of historical carnage. Elliott, Jane E. SomeDid It for Civilisation, Some Did It for Their Country: A RevisedView of the Boxer War(Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2002). View Rhodes_cartoon_analysis+FINAL.docx from HIS 123 at Duval Charter School at Baymeadows. Although applicable for all exam boards the. Names Keppler, Udo J., 1872-1956, artist The belief in racial/cultural superiority that fueled the British empire embraced the U.S. in Anglo-Saxonism based on common heritage and language. The Philippines are diminished as Only the Stepping-Stone that enables the U.S. to reach the eagerly anticipated China market. For example, the light of civilization literally illuminated vicious, helpless, or clueless barbarians. Britannia (Symbolic character)--1900-1910, - Gambone described the portraits as, a testament to the weakness of McKinley, the overarching power of Hanna, and the Trust interests that supported expansion of American business into the Pacific.. I relegated an escort. 1900) and starlight from a goddess of civilization. Keppler, Udo J., Artist. Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". Photograph. Nishi, Masao - Institut Mirovogo Khoziastva I Mirovo Politiki (Kommunisticheskaia Akademiia) - Varga, Eugen. Tough the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must Be Cut. Udo Keppler,Puck, December 10, 1902. Education in the ways of the West completed the political and commercial occupation. The Laureate of Empire.Raritan: A Quarterly Review. In Pucks October 19, 1898 cover, Civilization holds China by his queue, labeled Worn Out Traditions, ready to cut it off with the shears of 19th Century Progress. The helpless mandarin tries to run away. Rhodes measures with the telegraphic line the distance from Cape Town (at his right foot) in South Africa to Cairo (at his left foot) in Egypt, illustrating his broader "Cape to Cairo" concept for further colonial expansion in Africa. The two allies had been embroiled in lengthy wars with costly and devastating effects on the populations in Africa and Asia. | Imperial and Anti-Imperial Constructions of Civilisation: Engagements with Pre-Modern Pasts.Geopolitics, Vol. All Missionaries and Converts Being Exterminated. The image is ironically paired with a quote attributed to an Official Report to the War Office that says iron railing through which an electric current runs makes the healthiest and safest fences., Les Progrs de la Science (The Advances of Science). And the third was the anti-foreign Boxer Uprising in China in 18991901, which led to military intervention by no less than eight foreign nations including not only Tsarist Russia and the Western powers, but also Japan. Reference staff can United We Stand for Civilization and Peace: the Anglo-Saxon Globe. This ca. While the European powers favored Spain in the Spanish-American War, for example, neutral Britain backed the U.S. During the 1898 Battle of Manila Bay, British ships quietly reenforced the untried U.S. navy by blocking a squadron of eight German ships positioned to take advantage of the situation. Expert Help. The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. The Pigtail Has Got to Go. Louis Dalrymple,Puck, October 19, 1898. Source:CGACGA, The Ohio State University, Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum. - the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on This special issue illustrated by Thophile Steinlen comprises a particularly gruesome mural depicting the bloodshed of contemporary colonial wars in Turkey, China, and Africa. Misery Loves Company;but they hope soon to be out of it. Louis Dalrymple, Puck, March 20, 1901. One was the second Boer War of 18991902 that pitted British forces against Dutch-speaking settlers in South Africa and their black supporters. (doi:10.1093/cjip/pol005), Faunce, Rev. Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. 202-212 (September 2010). Spencer, David R. "No Laughing Matter. in: Puck, v. 52, no. The boats crossing their chests, labeled Suez Canal and Managua Canal, show the importance of efficient naval and shipping routes through their distended realms. American Imperialism (New York: Arno Press, 1970). Ewart S. Grogan and Arthur H. Sharp. Tuffnell, Stephen. Anthropomorphizing nations and concepts meant that in an 1899 cartoon captioned "The White Man's Burden," the U.S., as Uncle Sam, could be shown trudging after Britain's John Bull, his Anglo-Saxon partner, carrying non-white nationsdepicted in grotesque . Relatively free from European rivalries and well situated to become a transoceanic partner, the U.S. was courted for the role. Caricature published in the newspaper Punch, 10 December 1892 Imprint: [ca. In this rendering, progresseconomic, technological, and culturalis spread through global military aggression. Progress was promoted as an unassailable value that would bring the worlds barbarians into modern times for their own good and the good of global commerce. Keppler rendered this as Japan Makes her Dbut Under Columbias Auspices, with Columbia, Britannia, and a geisha-like Japan at the center of the scene. - | Print shows John Bull reclining on luggage labeled "J.B." and boxes of "War Supplies" and "Commissary Supplies" at the "Hotel Egypt" where an Egyptian man is hanging 1 print : chromolithograph. The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot. Frederick Thompson Richards,Life, October 18, 1900. First Lessons in Self Government. The paper on desk reads: The New Class. - Includes bibliographical references and index. S Summary is a official man just stand up over a land. He has been a contributing editor to Wired, Discover . Vebers series, Les Camps de Reconcentration au Transvaal, begins with the cover image Le Silence, in which a veiled woman holds her finger to her lips, standing over the remnants of what appears to be an electric fence and a plow that suggests the earth has been tilled to bury evidence. More about Copyright and other Restrictions. The weekly magazine Judge, a rival to Puck that was published from 1881 to 1947, opened 1899 with a barbed rendering of the Anglo nations gorging on the globe. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. World powers competing for spheres of influence within her borders had grown ever bolder in their demands as the Qing rulers appeared increasingly weak. Families were burned out of their homes and imprisoned in concentration camps. | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. The sign on the shores of England reads, John Bull The old reliable ship builder since 1861. ", From the Cape to Cairo. Keppler, U. J. https://www.loc.gov/item/2010652189/. The archetypal dominance of Civilization over Barbarism is conveyed in a 1902 Puck graphic with the sweeping white figure of Britannia leading British soldiers and colonists in the Boer War. Cartoonists portrayed Wilhelm II with increasing venom as a perpetrator of violence through World War I. the younger Keppler also contributed cartoons, and became co-owner of the magazine after his father's death, when he changed his name to Joseph Keppler. Le Royaume-Uni (United Kingdom) Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Were we to transport an army more than half way around the earth merely to listen to peace propositions? LC-DIG-ppmsca-25696 (digital file from original print). Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . In the civilization narrative, barbarians were commonly identified as the non-Western, non-white, non-Christian natives of the less-developed nations of the world. Brandishing the flag of Civilization, Britannia leads white troops and settlers against native forces under the banner of Barbarism.. 83-108 (2006). So, if we do our duty aright in the Philippines, we will add to that national renown which is the highest and finest part of national life, will greatly benefit the people of the Philippine Islands, and, above all, we will play our part well in the great work of uplifting mankind. It allows prisoners to enjoy the view from the outside and have the illusion of freedom (Official Report to the War Office. Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. AHistory of American Magazines. - LC copy from Naimusho Keihokyoku censorship collection; classified as "annei" and banned. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. At the same time, however, the suppression of The War Prayer helps highlight the courage and critical edge that many political cartoonists brought to the very same subject of spreading death and destruction in the name of civilization and progress. Titled Dream of the Empress of China, the dream is an obvious nightmare, as the sardonic sub-caption makes clear. The president of the First Philippine Republic, Emilio Aguinaldo, is portrayed as a barefoot savage, wild hair escaping from a dunce cap. The 'Cape to Cairo' idea, dating back at least to 1876, and Rhodes' active promotion of a railway linking the . America in the China Relief Expedition(Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly publishing company, 1903). French artists, on the other hand, leveled charges of barbarism against Great Britain and other imperial powers, including their own country, in vivid graphics. Study Resources. As the American West was absorbed and the continent consolidated, the mandate of Manifest Destiny shifted from territorial to commercial expansion beyond contiguous borders. Uncle Sam was portrayed both with youthful energy and as a paternal older figure straining to follow in John Bulls footsteps as he took up the White Mans Burden., After Many Years: The Great Rapprochement.